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Biological contaminants include mold spores, dust mites, viruses, fungi, bacteria, yeasts, and algae. Also known as bioaerosols, they can be living or non-living organisms.

Biological contaminants can be living or non-living organisms. They thrive in warm humid environments and, because they are so small, these contaminants can get past the protective filters in the nose and upper respiratory tract. In so doing, they can reach the lungs and are highly allergenic. They can be found in places such as bedding, upholstered furniture, bathrooms, and damp basements.

There are many sources of these pollutants:

Bacteria are carried by people, animals, and soil and plant debris.
Viruses are transmitted by people and animals.
Pollens originate from plants.
The protein in urine from rats and mice is a potent allergen. When it dries, it can become airborne.

The two conditions that are necessary to support biological growth are nutrients and moisture. These conditions can be found in many locations, such as bathrooms, damp or flooded basements, wet appliances (humidifiers and air conditioners), and some carpets and furniture. Mold, mildew and other biological contaminants can grow in contaminated central air handling systems. These systems can distribute the contaminants through the home.